Middle East metal commodities

What is Metal?

Metals look shiny (they may be rusted, in which case they will shine again after polishing). When combined with other metals, they form a homogeneous mixture (solution) called an alloy. Metals tend to lose or share electrons when they react with other materials. Each metal has at least one basic oxide.

Metals make up most of the elements and can be divided into several groups. From left to right in the periodic table, these elements include highly reactive alkali metals, less reactive alkaline earth metals, and then radioactive lanthanides and actinides. Old transition metals (intermediate) and post-transition metals (intermediate) are physically and chemically weak. There are also specialized sub-disciplines such as refractory metals and precious metals.

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Properties of Metals

Almost all Metals are solid, shiny, and white-gray. They have moderate to usually high reflectivity. They are also generally highly dense, except for some, such as alkali metals. They are more malleable and flexible and have medium to high thermal conductivity. Their melting point is often high and they alloy with other metals. 

They are mostly found on earth in the form of compounds such as carbonates, silicates, phosphates, oxides, sulfides, and halides. They are malleable and do not break or crack. They are usually very dense. They melt at high temperatures. They pass electricity and heat. Their surface is polished and shiny and has a metallic gloss. There is a metal bond between the metal-forming particles They can be mixed

History of Metals

Metals have attracted human attention for centuries because people were able to use metals to make high-performance tools that they used in both warfare and logistics. High-grade gold and silver have been known to mankind since the Stone Age. 

Metals are now mainly used in the manufacture of industrial tools, construction and bridge construction, vehicles, home appliances, etc., and the amount of metal mining is increasing every year compared to the previous year.

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Metals Trade in the Middle East

The base metals industry is the most important export industry in the Middle East after oil and petrochemicals. The results indicate that despite the comparative advantage of the Middle East in the main group of export goods of basic metals industries, the competitive advantage for this group of products does not have a clear trend and stability. 

Many global mining experts predict that at current consumption rates, the planet's economy over the next 70 years will undermine the current known reserves, which are likely to consume half of the world's current metals. Shortly, increasing dependence on essential mineral imports, plus global competition for scarce resource resources, will increase prices and bargain for exporting countries.

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Metal Mining Reserves in the Middle East

The Arab countries of the Middle East, especially Iran, Algeria, Libya, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia, Morocco, and Syria, have a significant share of iron resources, and their iron reserves are estimated at hundreds of millions of tons. 

Lead and zinc are elements that are found together in nature and are very important in terms of consumption worldwide and are found in Iran, Morocco, and Algeria as well as in the bed in the Mediterranean Sea.

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Algerian Metals

Industrial production includes Algerian mines and Metals such as mercury, zinc, silver, and iron ore. In addition to the above, Algeria has mineral resources of manganese, tungsten, gallium, copper, lead, and zinc. 

In the past, mining in Algeria was controlled by the public sector, but some restructuring began, and the first mining law was passed in 1991, allowing Algerian private sector participation and foreign investment in mining and metals.

Egyptian Metals

Egypt has reserves of manganese, nickel, chromium, cobalt, molybdenum, tungsten, gallium, copper, lead, zinc, and magnesium, as well as minerals. The main Metals used in ancient Egypt were copper, gold, silver, and iron.

The Egyptian Iron and Steel Production Complex began operations in 1973 and increased its production capacity to two million tons per year in 1993.

Moroccan Metals

Mines and Metals in Morocco accounted for three percent of GDP in 1990, accounting for almost a third of Morocco's total exports. In Morocco, in addition to the mentioned products, there are also mineral resources of nickel, chromium, tungsten, and gallium. Morocco has reserves estimated at hundreds of billions of tons, and Morocco has three-quarters of the world's phosphate reserves. I

ron ore production, especially from the mining areas of northern Morocco, was 2 million tons in 1960, but within 20 years production increased to 6 million tons. Other Moroccan mineral resources are lead, copper, zinc, and manganese, which have produced almost constant production. Metals of Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia's Metals

Saudi Arabia's mineral reserves include 4,500 different mines in the country, including a gold mine and sources of iron, manganese, nickel, tungsten, copper, lead, and zinc. The mining sector of Saudi Arabia is very important in this country because according to the government, it is the only strategy to diversify the Saudi economy. 

Saudi Arabia is one of the richest countries in the Persian Gulf in terms of owning Metals mines. Saudi Arabia has more than 60 million tons of copper reserves. The Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources recently invited private investors to participate in a mining tender. Saudi Arabia has several iron ore mines with reserves of 84 million tons with a purity of 43%. Several mines in Saudi Arabia have been studied for possible bauxite.

Metals of Iran

Iran's location in one of the most important mountain ranges in the world between the Himalayas and the Alps and having orogenic conditions has caused Iran to have 10 types of mineral reserves that are the first in the world. There are 62 types of minerals in Iran, of which 6 billion tons of proven metal reserves have been calculated, while over 5 billion tons of potential metals reserves in addition to the mentioned definite reserves have been estimated in Iran. 

Iran produces 150,000 tons of aluminum per year, which is the largest producer of aluminum in the Middle East. Iran is very rich in zinc ores and extensive studies show that the volume of Iran's lead and zinc mineral reserves is about 230 million tons.

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