The most significant feature of ruby is its intense red color, which ranges from deep red to purplish or orangish-red. The finest rubies have a pure, vivid red hue known as "pigeon's blood" red. Ruby is a very hard gemstone, scoring a 9 on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness. This makes it one of the hardest gemstones, second only to diamond. Its hardness contributes to its durability and suitability for jewelry. Ruby exhibits excellent brilliance and luster when properly cut and polished. Its high refractive index allows it to reflect and refract light, resulting in a captivating sparkle.

The origin of a ruby can significantly impact its value and desirability. Historically, rubies from Burma (Myanmar) have been highly prized for their exceptional color and quality. Other notable sources include Thailand, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Mozambique, and Madagascar. Rubies have been revered for centuries and hold cultural and historical significance. They are associated with passion, love, vitality, and power. In many cultures, rubies are considered gemstones of royalty and are believed to bring good fortune and protection.

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Rubies have been treasured since ancient times. The earliest records of rubies date back to around 2000 BC in regions such as India, where they were highly regarded and considered one of the most precious gemstones. In Sanskrit, ruby is known as "ratnaraj," meaning the "king of gemstones." Ancient Indian scriptures, known as the Vedas, mention rubies as symbols of power, protection, and passion. They were associated with the sun and believed to provide good fortune and ward off evil. During the Middle Ages, rubies gained popularity in Europe. Royalty and nobility adorned themselves with rubies as symbols of wealth and status. Rubies were often set in crowns, regal jewelry, and religious artifacts. They were believed to confer protection, courage, and divine blessings.

Due to the importance of ruby ​​and its beautiful color and appearance, it is very popular and attracts attention. The pure type of this stone is very bright, its color is like the blood of a red dove, and it can also be seen in other colors such as wine and purple. According to the Arabs, this gem also has yellow, blue, green, and white tones, but its main color, pomegranate color. The color red symbolizes love, patriotism, and anger and the colors of favorite children's warriors.

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Ruby is often associated with vitality, passion, and life force energy. It is believed to stimulate and energize the body and mind, promoting motivation, courage, and a zest for life. Ruby is thought to enhance one's physical and emotional strength, providing a boost of energy and motivation. Ruby has long been associated with love and romance. It is believed to ignite passion, deepen emotional connections, and enhance sensuality. Ruby is often regarded as a stone of love, attracting and maintaining love relationships, and encouraging devotion and commitment.

Ruby is associated with vitality and overall well-being. It is believed to support physical health, boost the immune system, and aid in the body's natural healing processes. Ruby is thought to enhance energy levels, promote circulation, and provide a sense of vitality and rejuvenation. For those people born in July, the properties of ruby has been considered as the birthstone of thousands of years ago. Some of the effects that this stone leaves on its holder are sincerity, joy, honesty, and courage. The ancient metaphysical and supernatural properties of this stone on the holder and owner of this stone who was born in July are vitality, self-confidence, and strength. 

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Color is one of the most crucial factors affecting the value of rubies. The finest rubies are vivid red with a hint of blue, often referred to as "pigeon's blood" red. Asian rubies with an intense, saturated red color command higher prices. The color should be consistent throughout the gemstone, without any undesirable undertones. Clarity refers to the presence of inclusions or internal flaws within the ruby. Most rubies have some level of inclusions, but those with fewer inclusions or high clarity are considered more valuable. Inclusions can affect the transparency and brilliance of the gemstone. Asian rubies with excellent clarity and minimal visible inclusions are highly prized.

The origin of a ruby plays a significant role in determining its value. Historically, rubies from certain Asian countries have been highly regarded. Burmese (Myanmar) rubies have been considered the most valuable due to their exceptional color and historical significance. Thai rubies, Sri Lankan rubies, and rubies from other Asian countries may also vary in value depending on their quality, color, and reputation. Rubies are often heat-treated to enhance their color and clarity. Heat treatment is an accepted and common practice in the gemstone industry. However, untreated or minimally treated rubies that exhibit exceptional color and clarity naturally are more valuable than heavily treated ones.

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The Rajaratna Ruby weighs approximately 2,475 carats (495 grams) and is considered one of the largest rubies in the world. It is currently housed in the Albert Museum in Jaipur, India. The exact origin and history of this gemstone are not well-documented. The Rosser Reeves Star Ruby, Weighing 138.7 carats (27.74 grams), this star ruby is renowned for its exceptional asterism, which creates a six-ray star effect on the surface when properly oriented. The gemstone is named after Rosser Reeves, an American advertising executive who owned it. It is currently on display at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C., United States.

The De Long Star Ruby Necklace is a large star ruby known as the De Long Star Ruby. The ruby is a 100.32-carat (20.06 grams) cabochon star ruby with a well-defined six-ray star. The necklace, created by famous jeweler Cartier, showcases the ruby surrounded by diamonds. It was once owned by American socialite and philanthropist Evalyn Walsh McLean. The Pride of Burma is a 95-carat (19 grams) cushion-cut gemstone known for its rich red color and exceptional clarity. It is considered one of the largest and finest rubies from Burma (Myanmar). The Pride of Burma was auctioned in 2016 and set a record for the highest price per carat ever achieved for a ruby at auction.

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Ruby is known for its vibrant red color. The color should be intense and evenly distributed, without any noticeable variations or undertones. A genuine ruby typically exhibits a deep red hue. Be cautious of stones that appear too light or have hues of orange or pink, as they may be lower-quality rubies or other gemstones. Examine the gemstone for any visible flaws or inclusions. Natural rubies often have some internal imperfections, such as tiny crystals or rutile needles. However, be wary of rubies that appear flawless or overly perfect, as they may be synthetic or lab-grown.

Ruby has excellent heat conductivity. Gemologists can use a thermal conductivity meter to measure the gemstone's ability to conduct heat. A high reading indicates that the gemstone is likely a natural ruby. Some rubies exhibit fluorescence under ultraviolet (UV) light. Genuine rubies can display a strong red fluorescence. However, the absence of fluorescence does not necessarily indicate that a ruby is not genuine, as not all rubies fluoresce. Obtaining a certification from a reputable gemological laboratory, such as GIA (Gemological Institute of America), can provide assurance regarding the authenticity and quality of a ruby. A professional gemologist thoroughly examines the gemstone and issues a certificate detailing its characteristics.

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