Emerald is the second most precious stone after diamond in Afghanistan and some parts of the world. Afghanistan emerald is unique in the world in terms of its transparency. It is the fourth largest exporter of emeralds after countries such as Brazil, Colombia and Zambia. What makes Afghanistan emerald unusual is its excellent transparency. 

Emerald means green and its name is derived from the Greek word "Smaragdos" which some say is derived from Persian. In the past, all green crystals were called emeralds. The first reference to it in Western literature is from Aristotle.
 

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Emerald crystals from Brazilian mines Colombian quality emerald, which has significant amounts of iron, which increases the specific gravity and refractive index of light in this stone. Their guest mineral is in the form of a saw blade. The most important mines of Colombia are Shivore, Gashala Borbar, Casquez and Mozo. In all these mines there is no trace of host minerals that existed before the growth of emerald crystals.

In the north of Russia, most of them are matte or yellow, and their quality type is very rare. Afghanistan's five-lion emeralds with crystal size (many over 100 carats) and good transparency compete with the best varieties found in Colombia that have had no analogues in the last 400 years. Recently, sources of this stone have been observed in Ethiopia. In the following, we will get more acquainted with these mines and explain them.
 

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Emerald stone was produced artificially until 1840, but today it is presented in a synthesized form. It is very difficult to distinguish the natural type from the centered one and it requires a lot of knowledge and experience. The stones that may be offered instead due to similarity are: dementoid, diopside, dioptase, grossular (chromium green garnet).

Synthesized regenerative type
These samples were synthesized using the original Linde method and the carbide union method. They have the same light refractive index as normal, although their specific gravity is slightly lower at 2.68. Their iron content is very low and they have a short wave and strong red fluorescence under the ultraviolet light of a flashlight or purple rays.

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A combination of vanadium and chromium produces emerald color, and the more iron in emerald, the bluer it will be. Today, according to the GIA Emerald Institute of Gemology, green braille has a high degree of color density and a medium or dark tone or darkness, and in terms of color type (Hue), the best color is green and bluish green.

The color of emerald is almost constant and does not change in the face of artificial or natural light like the sun and only changes at a temperature of 700 to 800 degrees Celsius. If your emerald ring loses its beauty and shine as a result of contact with detergents, you should put it in a thin layer of colorless oil. To increase the quality of the paint and prevent light reflection in its cracks, it is usually impregnated with oil or wax, epoxy or plastic.
 

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