Iraq still goes through a state of instability due to the internal sectarian conflicts, the international and territorial power struggles
Iraq, officially known as the Republic of Iraq (Arabic: جُمْهُوريَّة العِرَاق, Kurdish: كۆماری فدریلی عێراق, Syriac: ܥܝܪܐܩ) is a country in the Middle east and Southwest Asia. The Iraqi capital is Baghdad. Iraq is bordered by Saudi arabia and Kuwait to the south, Jordan and Syria to the west, Turkey to the north, and Iran to the east.
In its southern part, Iraq has a small water border with the Persian Gulf and two famous rivers, the Tigris and the Euphrates, which are the beginning of the ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia, including the Assyrians and Chaldeans throughout the region's ancient history. It enters Iraq from Turkey and flows south to it, joining the Karun River, forming the Arvand River, and flowing into the Persian Gulf.
Iraq covers an area of 437,072 square kilometers (58th country in term of area, nearly a quarter of Iran). Most of Iraq is lowland and tropical. The west of Iraq is a desert and the east is a fertile plain, but part of Iraqi Kurdistan (northeast) is mountainous and cold. Iraq is also one of the largest oil-rich countries. The country has 143 billion barrels of proven oil reserves.
Iraq, with a population of about 40 million, is the 36th most populous country in the world. The language of people is Arabic and Kurdish are the official languages of Iraq. The literacy rate is between 60% and 70%. In addition to Arabic and Kurdish, Turkish, Azerbaijani, Chaldean, Armenian, Assyrian, and other languages are spoken in Iraq.
Religion of Iraqi people
The Muslim population is 69% -64% Shiite and 34% -29% Sunni, as well as several followers of Yazidi, Christian, and Jewish religions live in this country.
Culture of Iraq
The country hosts various Islamic occasions such as Ramadan and Eid al-Adha, and the Tasua, Ashura, and Arbaeen Husseini religious ceremonies are held among Iraqi Shiites, who make up more than half of the country's Muslims.
The land now called Iraq has historically been part of the territory of ancient Iranian empires such as the Medes, Achaemenids, Parthians, and Sassanids. 160] and was also part of Iran in some post-Islamic Iranian states until the Safavid period; during the Safavid Empire, this land was traded between Iran and the Ottomans; In some parts of Iraq, Iranian festivals such as Nowruz, Shab-e Cheleh, Chaharshanbeh Soori and held every year.
