Azerbaijan has a diverse demographic composition influenced by its historical, cultural, and geographic factors. The country is home to various ethnic groups, with the majority being Azerbaijani Turkic. Azerbaijan is a country located at the crossroads of Eastern Europe and Western Asia, known as the South Caucasus region. It is bordered by the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Armenia to the west, and Iran to the south. The country's geographic coordinates are approximately 40.1431° N latitude and 47.5769° E longitude.

The Azerbaijani Turkic people form the largest ethnic group, comprising the majority of the population. They are predominantly Muslim and speak Azerbaijani, which is the official language of the country. The Lezgins are one of the largest ethnic minorities in Azerbaijan. They primarily reside in the northern regions of the country, particularly in the Qusar, Quba, and Khachmaz districts. There is a significant Russian minority in Azerbaijan, particularly in urban areas such as Baku and Ganja. Many Russians migrated to Azerbaijan during the Soviet era, and Russian is still widely spoken in these communities. Historically, Azerbaijan had a sizable Armenian population. However, due to the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, most Armenians living in Azerbaijan were displaced or left the country. The remaining Armenian population is small. The Talysh people reside primarily in the southern regions of Azerbaijan, near the border with Iran. They have their own distinct language and cultural traditions.

The Republic of Azerbaijan is located in the Caucasus region of the Eurasian supercontinent. It covers three major physical areas: First, the Caspian Sea, whose coastline forms a natural border in the east of the country. Second, the Greater Caucasus Mountains in the north; and third, the plains and lowlands of the center of the country. The country covers an area of about 86,000 square kilometers; more or less the size of Portugal and slightly larger than Yazd Province, and less than 1% of the former Soviet Union. The Republic of Azerbaijan is the largest country among the three countries of the South Caucasus.

The Republic of Azerbaijan is located in the south of the Caucasus Mountains and borders the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia and Georgia to the north, Iran to the south, and Azerbaijan to the west and southwest. A small part of northwestern Nakhchivan is also bordered by Turkey. The Republic of Azerbaijan is located in the Caucasus region of the Eurasian supercontinent. It covers three major physical areas: First, the Caspian Sea, whose coastline forms a natural border in the east of the country. Second, the Greater Caucasus Mountains in the north; And third, the plains and lowlands of the center of the country.

The Republic of Azerbaijan is located in the south of the Caucasus Mountains and borders the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia and Georgia to the north, Iran to the south, and Azerbaijan to the west and southwest. A small part of northwestern Nakhchivan is also bordered by Turkey. The Republic of Azerbaijan is located in the south of the Caucasus Mountains and north of the Aras River and along the Caspian Sea. The Greater Caucasus Mountains in the North of the Lesser Caucasus in the west and the Talesh Mountains in the south surround the country with an area of 86,000 square meters. Km of coastline with the Caspian Sea has made Azerbaijan more beautiful and more biodiversity. Also, the mountains of this country usually have a unique climate. 

In parts of Azerbaijan, including outside its capital Baku, lands with reserves of oil and gas are distributed, these are areas from which oil and gas can be extracted, and some volcanoes have formed on top of some reserves, but instead of spraying lava, a muddy mixture of water, sand, gas and sometimes oil erupt, according to the latest statistics, the population of this country has reached 10 million people. Religiously, Azerbaijan is predominantly Muslim, with the majority of Azerbaijanis adhering to Shia Islam. However, the country has a long-standing tradition of secularism, and religious freedom is protected by law. There are also Christian, Jewish, and other religious communities present.