These methods include using smart irrigation systems, measuring and controlling water consumption, using methods to optimize water management, and using new technologies such as sensors and Internet of Things networks to improve water efficiency
West Asian farmers have developed a rich agricultural tradition by growing a variety of grains and legumes that are well-suited to the region's climate and agricultural practices. In terms of grains, several key varieties are cultivated throughout West Asia. Wheat, for example, is grown in regions such as Turkey, Iran, Syria, Iraq, and parts of Jordan. Depending on the specific climate and soil conditions, both winter and spring wheat varieties are cultivated. Another important grain is barley, which is widely grown in Turkey, Iran, Syria, and Iraq. While barley is primarily used for animal feed, it also finds its way into human consumption in soups, stews, and traditional dishes. Rice is another notable grain in the region, with Iran, Iraq, and even Egypt playing a significant role in the regional rice market. Varieties such as Basmati and locally adapted types are cultivated in these areas. Additionally, sorghum and millet are grown in parts of the Arabian Peninsula and Yemen, often used in traditional dishes and as animal fodder due to their ability to withstand drought conditions.
In addition to grains, West asian farmers also cultivate a wide range of legumes. Chickpeas, for instance, are grown in Turkey, Iran, Syria, and Iraq. Both Kabuli and Desi varieties are common, with Kabuli being larger and lighter in color, and Desi being smaller and darker. Lentils, another important legume, are cultivated in Turkey, Syria, and Iran, and are available in varieties such as green, brown, and red lentils. Fava beans, also known as broad beans, are grown in Egypt (a major producer and exporter), Iran, Iraq, and parts of the Levant. They are commonly used in dishes like ful medames. Peas, including green peas and split peas, are cultivated in Turkey and Iran. Beans, specifically common beans, are grown in Iran, Iraq, and Egypt. Varieties such as kidney beans, black beans, and white beans are utilized in a variety of traditional dishes.
Farmers in the Middle east and West asia widely grow different types of grains and legumes . This region is suitable for the production of grains and legumes due to the weather conditions and suitable soil. Wheat is considered as one of the most important grains in this region. Farmers in the Middle East and West Asia, including Iran, Iraq, Turkey , and Syria, grow wheat extensively. Barley is also produced as one of the important grains in this region. This product is cultivated in countries such as Iran, Iraq, Turkey and Lebanon . Rice is one of the types of legumes that is cultivated in some countries of the Middle East and West Asia. Rice is usually produced in countries like Iran, Iraq and Turkey. Lentils are also cultivated as one of the important legumes in this region. Iran, Turkey and Iraq are among the countries that produce lentils. Chickpea is another important legume cultivated in the Middle East and West Asia. This product is produced in countries like Iran, Turkey and Syria .
Accurate water management includes accurate planning for water use and controlling the amount of water consumption. These methods include using smart irrigation systems, measuring and controlling water consumption, using methods to optimize water management, and using new technologies such as sensors and Internet of Things networks to improve water efficiency. Mechanized irrigation includes the use of mechanized irrigation systems such as sprinkler and sprinkler systems. These systems effectively spread water on agricultural land and prevent water evaporation. In subsurface irrigation, water is injected directly and deep below the soil surface to the roots of plants. This method reduces evaporation and significantly reduces water consumption.
Intercropping or rotation of Crops means the alternating change of agricultural products in the land. This method improves soil structure and reduces the risk of diseases and pests. Also, it reduces the need for water throughout the year by alternating crops. To deal with the lack of water, farmers use drought-resistant cultivars. These varieties have the ability to adapt and survive in low water conditions. Due to the lack of water in the Middle East region, farmers use different methods and techniques to cultivate legumes and grains to optimize water consumption and increase water productivity in the cultivation process. Drip irrigation is an effective method for cultivation in low water areas. In this method, water is directly and precisely injected into the roots of the plants. This method reduces transpiration and evaporation from the leaves and significantly reduces water consumption.
To sustain and improve their agricultural output, West Asian farmers employ various agricultural practices. Given the arid and semi-arid climate of much of the region, irrigation is crucial for successful crop cultivation. Traditional methods are being supplemented with modern techniques like drip irrigation to conserve water resources. Additionally, crop rotation is practiced to maintain soil fertility. Farmers frequently alternate between growing grains and legumes to balance nutrient usage and ensure the long-term health of the soil. However, farmers face challenges from pests and diseases, necessitating the implementation of integrated pest management strategies. Furthermore, with climate change affecting weather patterns, there is an increasing focus on developing and cultivating drought-resistant and heat-tolerant crop varieties.
West Asian farmers play a vital role in cultivating a diverse array of grains and legumes that are integral to the region's agriculture and diet. Wheat, barley, rice, chickpeas, lentils, and fava beans are among the important crops grown in the region. Despite challenges such as water scarcity and climate change, farmers utilize a range of strategies, including irrigation techniques, crop rotation, pest management, and climate adaptation measures, to sustain and improve their agricultural output. Their commitment to agricultural practices and the cultivation of essential crops contributes to the resilience and Food security of West Asia.
