High-quality agricultural lands in West asia provide the best conditions for the production of Food products in terms of soil characteristics, climate, agricultural capability and government agricultural policies. The Middle east and West Asia are regions where, due to the presence of certain natural factors, some agricultural lands in these regions have particularly high fertility characteristics. In the Middle East and West Asia, there are different types of agricultural land. From plain lands that are suitable for agriculture to agricultural lands that have a high diversity. This diversity of lands allows the cultivation of various Crops and helps the diversity of agricultural production in these areas.

The presence of abundant rivers and underground water in these areas provide rich water resources that can be used for irrigation of agricultural lands. Rivers such as Tigris and Euphrates in the Middle East, Nile and Tigris in Egypt, and Arax River in North Azerbaijan are among the important water sources in these regions. The Middle East and West Asia have diverse climates. From very dry areas in the southern parts to areas with moderate to humid climate in the northern and coastal parts. This climate variability allows agriculture to continue throughout the year in some areas, especially in coastal and mountainous areas.

In some regions of the Middle East and West Asia, there are fertile soils that are very suitable for agriculture. These soils include river soils, soils designed for development and soils resulting from lake and river sediments. Some of the main crops in these regions, such as wheat, barley, corn, potatoes, summer vegetables, grapes, and rice, grow well in the climate and soil conditions of these regions and have high yields for agriculture.

• Turkey is very suitable for agriculture due to its diverse climate and fertile soil in some areas. Areas such as Anatolian plains and Bakshişehir plains in southwestern Turkey are very suitable for planting crops such as wheat, barley, potatoes, watermelons, and olives.
• Iraq is suitable for agriculture due to its fertile soil and abundant water resources in some areas. The Nilufer plain in southern Iraq is especially suitable for planting wheat, barley, rice and summer crops.
• Due to the diversity of weather and different soils, Iran includes areas with diverse conditions for agriculture. Mianrud plain, Fars plain, Khuzestan plain and Sistan and Baluchistan plains are examples of regions that have suitable soil and climate conditions for agriculture.
• Some regions of Lebanon, such as the Bekaa Plain and the Beirut Plain, are suitable for planting all kinds of fruits, grapes and Vegetables due to their mild climate and fertile soil.
• Egypt is known as one of the most suitable areas for agriculture in the Middle East due to its proximity to the Nile River and its fertile soil. Misr Plain is especially famous for planting wheat, barley, potatoes, cucumbers and watermelons.
• Areas such as the Ararat plain in the northwest of Armenia and the Aragatsutan plain in the southeast of Armenia are known as fertile areas for planting wheat, barley, and potatoes.
• Some regions of Azerbaijan, such as Nakhchivan Plain in the northwest and Jalilabad Plain in the southwest, are known as high-quality areas for agriculture and planting crops such as wheat, barley, potatoes, and summer crops.
• Areas such as the Kolkti plain in the northwest of Georgia and the Kakhti plain in the northeast are known as areas with suitable conditions for agriculture and planting crops such as wheat, barley and vegetables.

The soil should have a suitable combination of organic and mineral substances. Land that contains nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients is suitable for the growth and reproduction of plants. Also, the structure of the soil should be suitable, so that the water is well absorbed into the soil and the roots can grow effectively. The land must have adequate water resources. Sufficient water must be available for soil moisture and plant irrigation. Also, the right climate with the right temperature, rainfall and sunlight is also important for the growth of plants. The land must be free from pollution and harmful Chemical pollutants. The use of harmful chemical products can negatively affect the growth and productivity of plants.

Plants need sunlight for photosynthesis and proper growth. Therefore, the land should have adequate access to sunlight and some factors such as shading from buildings or large trees have less effect on the land. The land must have a proper drainage system to prevent high humidity and water accumulation in the soil. Land with improper drainage may significantly lose agricultural suitability due to waterlogging and soil saturation. The pH of the soil should be in the right range. Most plants need a specific soil pH to grow. Soil pH is related to its acidity or alkalinity, and its appropriate amount depends on the type of agricultural product.

The most important natural factors that cause the fertility of agricultural lands in the Middle East and West Asia generally include abundant water resources, suitable climate, fertile soil and diversity of agricultural lands. However, it should be noted that human factors have also played an important role in the improvement and productivity of agricultural lands in these areas, including advanced irrigation systems, modern agricultural technologies, water resources management, and optimal planting and harvesting techniques.