Israel as advanced country in terms of industrial and economic development in the region of West Asia and the Middle East. Asphalt, which is used to make roads and roofs flat or impenetrable, is one of the most widely used petroleum products. Israeli products in some markets in the Arab Gulf countries, such as Qatar, the UAE, and Saudi Arabia, maybe imported through Jordan. In principle, the applicant countries for the import and purchase of petroleum products in the Middle East

• Israel Paraffin Market
• Israel Base Oil Market
• Israel Petroleum Coke Market
• Israel Engine Oil Market
• Israel Bitumen Market

In refineries, different parts of crude oil are separated and other usable products are introduced into production. According to the International Journal of Oil and Gas, there are over 6,000 petroleum products, most of which are used in our daily lives, and perhaps few people know about their relationship to oil. 

Read More ...

The Achaemenid dynasty used bitumen for sealing and waterproofing the palace with the grandeur of Persepolis. Remains of it can be seen in the historical complex of Persepolis. Ancient Susa artists used a mixture of bitumen and heated it to obtain a composition that was very similar to stone. They used this material to make various objects as well as to make sculptures and fossils. 

Read More ...

Petroleum coke (Petcoke) is the final carbon-rich solid material obtained from the oil refining process and is a group of fuels known as coke. Petroleum coke is specifically obtained from a final cracking process, which is considered a chemical engineering process, and the hydrocarbons of the oil chains are divided into shorter chains in a section called the coke unit. 

Read More ...

Israel Oil and Gas Market, Size, Share, Outlook and Growth Opportunities 2020-2026. ICLG - Oil & Gas Laws and Regulations - Israel covers common issues in oil and gas laws and regulations – including development of oil and natural of natural gas, LNG, import/export of oil, transmission and distribution and foreign investment – in 19 jurisdictions. com > Practice Areas > Oil & Gas Regulation > Israel       . Israel’s natural gas sector has completely transformed in the last two decades.   From a country with virtually no gas reserves, Israel’s current reserves are estimated to be in excess of 1,060 billion cubic metres (2P+2C).   The Israeli electricity generation sector has transitioned from utilising coal and oil, to mostly using natural gas. Israel’s gas market was ignited by the discovery of the Mari-B and Noa fields in 2000 by an consortium (Noble Energy and Delek). Gas is supplied to Israeli consumers (utilities, independent power producers and industrial consumers) via a national transmission system and regional distribution networks. With the beginning of large-scale exports from the Leviathan field to Jordan and Egypt, alongside smaller-scale exports from the Tamar field, Israel is now a net exporter of gas.   The Israeli transmission system is connected to the Jordanian and Egyptian national transmission systems.   Further, an in-depth front-end engineering and design study is currently being carried out in respect of the construction of the East Med Pipeline, a 2,100 km pipeline which could connect the Israel’s reserves to Cyprus, Greece and Italy. In the Ministry of Energy estimated that Israel’s exclusive economic zone holds the potential for discovery of approximately 6. into Chevron Corporation, Chevron became the operator of, and a major stakeholder in, both the Tamar and Leviathan fields, marking the entry of one of the world to the Israeli oil and gas sector. Israel does not currently have any gas storage facilities. As of 2019, natural gas accounts for 64% of Israel’s power generation, with the remaining electricity generated by coal (30%), liquid fuels and renewables. All of Israel’s gas requirements are met through domestic production and this is not expected to change in the foreseeable future. Israel currently exports approximately 3.   In January 2020, the energy ministers of Greece, Israel and Cyprus signed an agreement to facilitate this project with an aim to reach final investment decision by 2022 and complete construction by 2025.   Israel’s current production of oil is negligible, with virtually all crude oil being imported. 6 million tonnes of crude oil and petroleum products were consumed in Israel.   Oil products are transported through pipeline networks owned by Petroleum & Energy Ltd. Israel does not currently export oil. The Petroleum Law. The Petroleum Law, 5712-1952 Law”) was enacted in 1952.   Since the initial offshore gas discoveries in the Israeli government has introduced new legislation, regulations and guidelines to address the increase in production and use of natural gas. The Petroleum Law applies mainly to the upstream segment and stipulates that mineral rights, including oil and gas resources, belong to the State.   The Minister of Energy has the power to implement the Petroleum Law, and appoints the petroleum commissioner who is in charge of petroleum affairs. Pursuant to the Gas Law, Israel Natural Gas Lines Ltd a company, was established to build and operate the national high-pressure gas transmission system (“INGL Grid”). The Petroleum Commissioner is authorised to grant Petroleum Rights to explore for, develop and produce petroleum (defined to include oil and natural gas). Petroleum Rights can be granted to one or more parties and take the form of an authorisation pursuant to which the holder of the right is required to comply with the terms specified therein and to carry out the attached work programme. The Petroleum Law defines three types of rights for different stages of exploration and production of petroleum:. Preliminary permit: Enables its holder to conduct preliminary investigations to ascertain the prospects for discovering petroleum in a specified area of up to 4,000 km2 over a term of up to 18 months. Licence: Confers on its holder the exclusive right to explore, drill and produce petroleum in and from an area of up to 400 km2.   It may cover an area of up to 250 km2 and confers on its holder the exclusive right to produce and explore for petroleum in that area. The State of Israel does not participate in the exploration and development of oil and natural gas reserves.   In the 1990s, Israel privatised its national petroleum companies, and since then the exploration and production of oil and natural gas has been carried out exclusively by the private sector. 5% of the petroleum produced and saved from the leased area.   Royalties may, at the election of the Petroleum Commissioner, be taken in kind or in cash in accordance with the market value of the petroleum at the well-head, as determined by a net-back calculation.   The Petroleum Law also prescribes a modest annual minimum royalty payment calculated on the area of the lease. The Taxation of Profits from Natural Resources Law, 5771-2011 imposes a progressive levy on profits derived from the sale of petroleum, equal to 20%–50% of the profits. Profits of individuals or corporations (whether registered as an Israeli company or as a foreign company operating in Israel) from oil and gas are taxed at the regular prevailing tax rates. The Petroleum Law grants the Minister the right (after consultation with the Petroleum Council) to require a lease-holder to prioritise supply, at market price, to the domestic market.   Pursuant to the Gas Law, the Minister may also prescribe conditions for the provision of transmission services for the purpose of gas exports or for transferring gas through Israeli territory.   The main principles of the resolution, as updated in 2019, include: (1) 500 BCM of natural gas (2C and 2P) is reserved for the domestic market; (2) gas export requires a permit from the Petroleum Commissioner; (3) reservoirs are required to connect to the INGL Grid and reserve a certain quantity for supply to the domestic market, with the remaining quantity (“Export Quota”) permitted for export; and (4) lease-holders with a developed reservoir may swap their Export Quota under certain conditions. Any person seeking to export gas via the INGL Grid must enter into a pre-approved agreement with INGL subject to the standard transportation tariff applicable to Israeli customers. In August 2020, the government circulated for comments a draft bill concerning the regulation of certain export pipelines and liquefaction facilities, which would grant the Petroleum Commissioner the authority to approve the construction and operation of dedicated export pipelines by parties other than lease-holders. Israel does not impose restrictions on currency exchange or on the transfer of funds derived from production out of the jurisdiction. A transfer of Petroleum Rights or of a benefit in respect thereof (including control over a Petroleum Right-holder, rights to contractual royalties, and holding over 25% in a Petroleum Right-holder) requires the approval of the Petroleum Commissioner.   The Commissioner may permit a transfer after consultation with the Petroleum Council. Conditions for approval of a transfer vary, depending, inter alia, on the type of Petroleum Right transferred and whether commercial production has begun.   Key conditions include that the Right-holders following the transfer would continue to meet the experience and financial capacity requirements stipulated in the Petroleum Law, and that the operator would continue to meet all requisite legal conditions. A Petroleum Right may be granted if the applicant provides reasonable security or guarantees to ensure payment of damages which may be caused by operations pursuant to the Petroleum Right and payments which are due under the Petroleum Law. Guarantees are to be provided in the form of a bank guarantee, the amount of which depends on the type of Petroleum Right, its particular and the applicable work or development programme. Guarantees may be forfeited, inter alia, in the case of failure by the Petroleum Right-holder to act with due diligence, to abide by the approved work programme, or uphold its obligations under the Petroleum Law; or damage being caused by the Petroleum Right-holder in the course of its activities in the Petroleum Right. The precise terms for guarantees for any new offshore Petroleum Rights will be set out in the specific bid round or in the Petroleum Right. A pledge of a licence or lease is subject to the consent of the Petroleum Commissioner, after consultation with the Petroleum Council.   The pledge, once approved, is recorded in the official Petroleum Registry. Pursuant to the Transfer Guidelines, a pledge may be approved if it is intended to be used as security for a loan to fund operations in the Petroleum Right, provided that it would not impair the ability of the Right-holder to meet the provisions of the Petroleum Law and the relevant Petroleum Right. Although the Petroleum Law is the primary source of legislation in relation to exploration and production of natural gas, operations in general, and development activities in particular, are subject to a host of laws, regulations and standards, including in relation to: installation and operation of certain oil and gas facilities; environmental protection; health and safety; hazardous materials; competition; building; and zoning. The Petroleum Law contains a general requirement to plug, abandon and restore areas where petroleum activities were conducted but does not contain specific provisions relating to the of offshore installations. Currently, Israel does not have any gas storage facilities.   However, in February 2020, the Ministry decided that no additional Petroleum Rights in respect of shale oil would be granted, and that the only existing licence for shale oil would not be extended past its expiry in 2021. In recent years, the Israeli government has taken significant steps aimed at reducing the use of coal and liquid fuels in the electricity sector and industry and increasing electricity production from natural gas and renewable sources. Export of natural gas is subject to the Petroleum Law and other applicable conditions (please see question 3. Currently, Israel does not export oil.   The importation of oil and oil products requires a licence from the Customs and Excise department in the Israel Tax Authority. There are currently no natural gas storage facilities in Israel (please see question 1. The Petroleum Law grants a lease-holder the right to install gathering lines and pipelines to transport the gas it has discovered and is producing. The oil transportation pipelines and associated infrastructure in Israel are operated by PEI and EAPC (please see question 2. Pursuant to the Petroleum Law, a lease-holder may request the government to acquire on its behalf land needed for the purpose of producing, storing and transporting oil and natural gas. There are currently three upstream pipelines in Israel that are connected to the INGL Grid, as well as three export pipelines (please see question 6. The oil transportation system in Israel is operated by PEI and EAPC (please see question 2. The Petroleum and Gas Laws provide general legal requirements for third party access.   Pursuant to the Petroleum Law, the Petroleum Commissioner may, after consultation with the Petroleum Council, require that the lease-holder offer excess pipeline capacity for transport by others, on reasonable terms determined by the Petroleum Commissioner.   In addition, the licence-holder will be required to comply with all other laws and regulations that generally apply to infrastructure projects in Israel, including in relation to zoning, environment, health and safety, etc.   The Israeli market has developed significantly over the past decade.   While there is only a limited number of suppliers, there is a large number of consumers, including the Israel Electric Corporation, several independent power producers, refineries and industrial plants. The only LNG-related facility in Israel at present is the offshore submerged turret off-loading buoy (please see question 1.   The associated floating storage and regasification unit is leased by the Israel Electric Corporation, which is also the buyer of the LNG shipments. Israel does not have any liquefaction facilities.   Liquefaction is not covered under the Gas Law, but is addressed in a proposed amendment to the Petroleum Law. The grant of a Petroleum Right under the Petroleum Law or a licence under the Gas Law is also subject to the Law for the Promotion of Competition and the Reduction of Concentration, 5773-2013. Mergers in Israel require notification and approval in the following circumstances: (1) the combined market share of the merging parties exceeds 50% in respect of a particular or a similar product or service in the local market or otherwise constitutes a monopoly; (2) the companies involved have combined annual revenues exceeding NIS361. The Petroleum Law does not restrict foreign ownership.   Pursuant to the Gas Law, a licence may only be granted to an Israeli company; however, there are no restrictions on foreign individuals or entities owning such companies. In the past year, Israel has become a full member in the International Energy Agency, become a founding member of the East Med Gas Forum, entered into a binding agreement with Cyprus and Greece in respect of the East Med Pipeline, and normalised relations with the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Sudan and Morocco.   Most licences and permits issued under the Petroleum Law or Gas Law stipulate that any dispute with the governmental authorities shall be governed by Israeli law. Israel is party to both conventions. In general, there is no difficulty in litigating, or seeking to enforce judgments or awards, against government authorities or organs in Israel. Following a decade characterised by the development of both of Israel’s major natural gas reservoirs and the “growing pains” of new regulations and policies, culminating in Israeli government Resolution 476 which was focused on the joint holding by Noble Energy and Delek of the majority interest in the Tamar, Leviathan and Karish and Tanin gas fields, it appears that the sector is reaching a stage of clarity and stability.   Demand for Israeli gas has been steadily increasing both domestically and regionally, and this trend is expected to continue in future years. Thus far, the COVID-19 pandemic has not had a significant impact on oil and gas demand in Israel.   While the worldwide drop in oil prices has been felt in Israel as well, due to the nature of pricing in the long-term gas sale contracts in Israel this has had a limited impact on domestic and regional gas prices.
Read More ...

The Israeli market for petroleum lubricating oil and grease contracted slightly to $X in 2020, approximately equating the previous year. In value terms, petroleum lubricating oil and grease production reduced modestly to $X in 2020 estimated in export prices. Petroleum lubricating oil and grease production peaked at $X in 2015; however, from 2016 to 2020, production failed to regain the momentum. In 2020, shipments abroad of petroleum lubricating oil and grease decreased by -X% to X tonnes, falling for the second consecutive year after three years of growth. In value terms, petroleum lubricating oil and grease exports fell remarkably to $X in 2020. (X tonnes) were the main destinations of petroleum lubricating oil and grease exports from Israel, together comprising X% of total exports. ($X) appeared to be the largest markets for petroleum lubricating oil and grease exported from Israel worldwide, with a combined X% share of total exports. In 2020, the average export price for petroleum lubricating oil and grease amounted to $X per tonne, with an increase of X% against the previous year. Petroleum lubricating oil and grease imports into Israel fell slightly to X tonnes in 2020, shrinking by -X% on the previous year. In value terms, petroleum lubricating oil and grease imports stood at $X in 2020. (X tonnes) were the main suppliers of petroleum lubricating oil and grease imports to Israel, together accounting for X% of total imports. ($X) were the largest petroleum lubricating oil and grease suppliers to Israel, together accounting for X% of total imports. In 2020, the average import price for petroleum lubricating oil and grease amounted to $X per tonne, rising by X% against the previous year. This report provides an in-depth analysis of the market for petroleum lubricating oil and grease in Israel.
Read More ...

A look at the shareholders of Naphtha Israel Petroleum Corp. Naphtha Israel Petroleum is a smaller company with a market capitalization of ₪1. We can zoom in on the different ownership groups, to learn more about Naphtha Israel Petroleum. Check out our latest analysis for Naphtha Israel Petroleum . As you can see, institutional investors have a fair amount of stake in Naphtha Israel Petroleum. It's therefore worth looking at Naphtha Israel earnings history below. We note that hedge funds don't have a meaningful investment in Naphtha Israel Petroleum. The general public holds a 13% stake in Naphtha Israel Petroleum. It appears to us that public companies own 67% of Naphtha Israel Petroleum. We've identified 1 warning sign with Naphtha Israel Petroleum , and understanding them should be part of your investment process. If you're looking to trade Naphtha Israel Petroleum, open an account with the lowest-cost* platform trusted by professionals, Interactive Brokers.
Read More ...