Phosphoric acid, also known as orthophosphoric acid, is a mineral acid with the chemical formula H₃PO₄. Phosphorus, the element from which phosphoric acid is derived, was first discovered in the late 17th century by German alchemist Hennig Brand. The wet process is the most common method for industrial phosphoric acid production. Phosphoric acid is a strong acid with three dissociable hydrogen atoms. West Asia is home to several countries with significant phosphoric acid production capacity. Chemicals are substances that have a distinct molecular composition and are typically produced through various chemical processes. Chemicals can be grouped based on their molecular composition and structural characteristics. The Middle East is home to large-scale petrochemical complexes that produce a wide range of petrochemicals, including ethylene, propylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, methanol, ammonia, and more. The chemical industry refers to the sector of the economy that is involved in the production, manufacturing, and distribution of chemicals and chemical products. Somalia’s economy is largely based on agriculture, livestock, remittances, and a growing informal sector. Despite the challenges posed by decades of political instability, civil war, and limited infrastructure, Somalia has maintained a degree of resilience through informal trade networks and the support of its diaspora. Livestock, particularly cattle, sheep, and camels, forms the backbone of the economy, with the country being a major supplier of animals to the Middle East. Agriculture, especially the cultivation of bananas, sugarcane, and sorghum, is also a key sector, though it has faced challenges due to recurring droughts and lack of modern farming techniques.
