Ammonia (NH3) is a compound composed of nitrogen and hydrogen atoms. Ammonia is a primary component in the manufacturing of nitrogen-based fertilizers. Although ammonia was not known as a distinct compound, it has been used by humans since ancient times. Several countries in West Asia have established themselves as significant ammonia producers. Chemicals are substances that have a distinct molecular composition and are typically produced through various chemical processes. Chemicals can be grouped based on their molecular composition and structural characteristics. The Middle East is home to large-scale petrochemical complexes that produce a wide range of petrochemicals, including ethylene, propylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, methanol, ammonia, and more. The chemical industry refers to the sector of the economy that is involved in the production, manufacturing, and distribution of chemicals and chemical products. China's economic and trade system has become one of the most influential in the world, characterized by rapid industrial growth, a complex export-oriented economy, and increasing integration into the global marketplace. The country operates a mixed economy where state-owned enterprises (SOEs) coexist with private businesses, and market forces guide production while the government plays a significant role in key industries such as finance, telecommunications, and energy. China's robust infrastructure, vast manufacturing capacity, and competitive labor costs have made it a central hub for global supply chains.
