Ceramic tile refers to a type of tile made from clay or other inorganic materials that are fired at high temperatures. Ceramic tiles are extensively used as flooring materials in residential and commercial buildings. One of the earliest known uses of ceramic tiles can be traced back to ancient Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq) around 4,000 BCE. The quality of the materials used and the manufacturing process employed can impact the price and quality of ceramic tiles. The primary raw materials used in ceramic tile production are clay, feldspar, quartz, and various minerals. One of the most widely used construction materials, concrete is a mixture of cement, aggregates (such as sand and gravel), water, and additives. The Middle East has experienced a construction boom in recent years, driven by urbanization, population growth, and ambitious development plans. Construction sand, typically sourced from rivers, quarries, or coastal areas, is a fundamental component of concrete, mortar, and other construction materials. Clay is a primary ingredient in the production of bricks and blocks.
