One of the most widely used construction materials, concrete is a mixture of cement, aggregates (such as sand and gravel), water, and additives. The Middle East has experienced a construction boom in recent years, driven by urbanization, population growth, and ambitious development plans. Construction sand, typically sourced from rivers, quarries, or coastal areas, is a fundamental component of concrete, mortar, and other construction materials. Clay is a primary ingredient in the production of bricks and blocks. Switzerland is renowned for its highly developed and stable economic system, characterized by a robust banking sector, strong financial institutions, and a diverse economy. Its economy is driven by high value-added industries such as pharmaceuticals, precision instruments, chemicals, and financial services. The Swiss franc (CHF) is considered one of the world’s most stable currencies, reflecting the country’s economic strength and political neutrality. Switzerland’s banking system is highly respected for its privacy and reliability, and it plays a critical role in global finance.
