Sand is a granular material composed of finely divided rock and mineral particles. The construction industry is the largest consumer of sand globally. Sand plays a crucial role in various construction materials due to its physical properties and ability to enhance the performance of building components. Sand is typically extracted from natural sources through different methods, depending on the location and type of deposit. River sand is naturally occurring sand found in riverbeds or banks. One of the most widely used construction materials, concrete is a mixture of cement, aggregates (such as sand and gravel), water, and additives. The Middle East has experienced a construction boom in recent years, driven by urbanization, population growth, and ambitious development plans. Construction sand, typically sourced from rivers, quarries, or coastal areas, is a fundamental component of concrete, mortar, and other construction materials. Clay is a primary ingredient in the production of bricks and blocks. Somalia’s economy is largely based on agriculture, livestock, remittances, and a growing informal sector. Despite the challenges posed by decades of political instability, civil war, and limited infrastructure, Somalia has maintained a degree of resilience through informal trade networks and the support of its diaspora. Livestock, particularly cattle, sheep, and camels, forms the backbone of the economy, with the country being a major supplier of animals to the Middle East. Agriculture, especially the cultivation of bananas, sugarcane, and sorghum, is also a key sector, though it has faced challenges due to recurring droughts and lack of modern farming techniques.
