Base oil is the most important element in the formation of lubricants in terms of volume, so announcing that the share of base oil in the efficiency of the final lubricant is increasing day by day is not far from reality
Base oil refers to a type of oil that is used as a primary ingredient in the production of lubricants, such as motor oils, hydraulic fluids, and industrial oils. It is a refined Petroleum product obtained from Crude oil through a process called refining or distillation. Base oil serves as a base or foundation for the formulation of different types of lubricants. It possesses certain desirable characteristics, such as high viscosity index, thermal stability, oxidation resistance, and low volatility. These properties help ensure that the lubricants made from base oil can effectively reduce friction, protect moving parts, and provide smooth operation of machinery and equipment.
Base oil is an oil that is considered as a base for lubricant. The most important component of lubricants in terms of volume is the base oil and in terms of weight, on average, more than ninety-five percent of the formulation of a lubricant. Recommended for use in the production of automotive and industrial oils, oils and greases, rubber products, white oils and Paraffin oils, etc. In some lubricants (compressor and hydraulic oils) 99% of the oil is base oil and only 1% of it is additives. Base oils can be obtained from petroleum or non-oil sources. Most of the base oils consumed in the world come from refining crude oil. The main constituents of base oils are paraffinic, naphthenic and aromatic compounds.
Base oil is the most important element in the formation of lubricants in terms of volume, so announcing that the share of base oil in the efficiency of the final lubricant is increasing day by day is not far from reality. In this regard, we can refer to turbine oil, of which more than 99% is base oil. Modern lubricants are made from a wide range of base liquids and Chemical additives. The base liquid has several functions, but is primarily a lubricant, providing a layer of fluid that separates moving surfaces or dissipates heat and coats the particles while minimizing friction. Many lubricating properties are enhanced or created by adding special chemical additives to the base liquid.
Base oils can be obtained from oil or non-oil sources, but most of the world's base oils are made from oil refining. The properties of petroleum-based base oils depend on the type of crude oil and how it is refined. Therefore, oil, like crude oil, consists of various substances and compounds, the main components of which are paraffinic, naphthenic and aromatic compounds.
Base oils are typically categorized into different groups based on their refining process and composition. The most common classification system is the API (American Petroleum Institute) base oil classification system, which includes five groups: Group I, Group II, Group III, Group IV, and Group V. Each group has specific characteristics and performance levels, with Group I being the least refined and Group V consisting of various specialty oils. In addition to petroleum-based base oils, there are also synthetic base oils, such as polyalphaolefins (PAOs), esters, and polyalkylene glycols (PAGs), which are chemically synthesized and offer enhanced performance properties compared to traditional mineral-based oils. Synthetic base oils are commonly used in high-performance lubricants, including those used in extreme temperature or high-pressure applications.
