Lebanon is characterized by its mountainous terrain, with the Mount Lebanon range running parallel to the Mediterranean coast. This geography has historically led to the division of Lebanon into distinct regions and communities. The mountains have acted as natural barriers, isolating different communities and contributing to the formation of separate political entities. Lebanon's political structure is based on a system known as confessionalism, which allocates political power among various religious communities proportionally. This system emerged as a way to accommodate the diverse religious and ethnic groups within the country. The mountainous geography has facilitated the preservation of distinct religious and ethnic communities, which are given political representation in the government.

The geography of Lebanon has also contributed to sectarian divisions within the country. The mountains have provided physical spaces where different religious groups could establish their own communities and maintain their distinct identities. This has resulted in a political structure in which power-sharing and representation are based on religious affiliation. Lebanon's geography has made it vulnerable to external influences and interventions. Its location in the Middle East, bordered by Syria and Israel, has subjected it to regional power dynamics and conflicts. Throughout history, Lebanon has been influenced by regional powers seeking to exert control or leverage its strategic position. These external influences have shaped the political structure and dynamics within Lebanon.

Since the early 1970s, with the efforts of Imam Musa Sadr and the formation of the Lebanese Shiite Supreme Assembly and the Amal Movement, the cohesion and influence of the Lebanese Shiites have multiplied, and today Hezbollah is one of the most influential political parties and organizations in Lebanon. It is considered military in Lebanon. It is a neighbor of occupied Palestine and has been repeatedly attacked by the Zionists and has suffered great human and economic damage. Israel occupied parts of the country, including Beirut, in 1982. In recent years, many Lebanese have migrated out of Lebanon due to feelings of insecurity on the part of the Zionist regime.

According to the "sect agreement", the three forces in the country are divided between three main sects (Maronite Christian, Sunni and Shiite). According to the agreement, the presidency belongs to the Maronites, the prime minister to the Sunnis, and the speaker of parliament to the Shiites. Given that orthodox Christians are numerically the second largest within the Lebanese Christian sect, the Deputy Prime Minister and Deputy Speaker of Parliament are selected from this tribe.

This sectarian quota has been considered in more detail in the Lebanese parliament, and the share of other Lebanese tribes, especially minorities, has been taken into account in the parliament. The Lebanese parliament has 128 members, divided equally between Christians and Muslims. This relative division has also been implemented within each of the two Christian and Muslim tribes, and a quota has been set for all 18 Lebanese tribes in proportion to the population of that tribe. According to the constitution, the deputies are elected by direct popular vote for a four-year term. The president, who is the president, is elected by a two-thirds majority for a six-year term. The President, after consulting with the Members of Parliament and based on the introduction of a majority of one-half plus one of the Members of Parliament, shall nominate the Prime Minister and instruct him to form a Cabinet.

Lebanon's geography, including its coastline and favorable climate, has played a crucial role in its economic activities. The country has a long history of trade and commerce, with its ports serving as important hubs. Economic interests have often intersected with political power, and different regions and communities have vied for control over economic resources and opportunities.  Lebanon is an Asian country on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea with a history of several thousand years of civilization. The region was one part of the Levant and became an independent state after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire. The majority of the population is Muslim. Several tribes are living in Lebanon. About 30% of the country's population is Shiite.